Goodwin, a 20-year-old Australian, was transferred for an undisclosed fee and has signed a three-and-a-half-year contract through 2028 with his new team.
Goodwin led the first-division club Adelaide United with 13 goals in 26 games during the 2024-25 season. Goodwin's 13 goals also tied for the league lead with Sydney FC's Adrian Segecic. He was a joint Golden Boot winner in the A-League with Segecic.
"His awareness within the box, willingness to run and attack spaces are a few of the top qualities we saw that made us want to pursue him," Charlotte general manager Zoran Krneta said. "We want to see Archie develop and create good competition within our club."
Charlotte FC is currently seventh in the Eastern Conference with 41 points and a 13-11-2 record.
The MLS Secondary Transfer Window closes on Aug. 21.